ABSTRACT
This research study on Tourism
and Its Effects on Nigeria Economy examined the empirical relationship between the Tourism
and its Economic effects on
Nigeria for the period 1980-2017 using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method to
ascertain the relationship between these macroeconomic variables. The data
employed in this investigation were obtained from secondary sources including
Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Statistical Bulletin (Various Issues) and World
Tourism Organization. The investigation reveals that tourism has
become a sustainable revenue earner competing favourably with the manufacturing
sector, especially in the developed countries. However, in spite of the
enormous tourism potentials in Nigeria, the investigation shows that tourism's
contribution to economic development in Nigeria, leaves much to be desired. For
tourism industry to contribute significantly to economic development in
Nigeria; just as it does in other economies, the researcher profers recommendations
to the government thus: the playing of
an active role in tourist destination development by the government, government
involvement in the planning and execution of marketing of tourism potentials,
the invitation of travel agents to visit Nigeria by government agency (NTDC),
from time to time with the aim of stimulating such travel agents' interest in
marketing Nigeria; and the compilation of statistics on international arrivals
– tourism expenditure with a view to measuring travel, recreational and tourism
development.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
This chapter consist of the background to the
study on Tourism and its effects on Nigeria Economy, statement of the problem,
research questions, objectives of
the study, research hypothesis and other sub-topics.
1.1 BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY
The concept of
tourism, is formerly referred to as the activities of the “visitors” has now
been redefined. It is described as “the activities of persons travelling to and
staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one
consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related with the
exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited” (Olorunfemi
& Raheem, 2008).
The definition of
tourism has undergone a number of modifications reflecting the changing face of
tourism development, the activities engaged in by tourists, and the impact on
the general economic growth of a nation. The tourist sector is claimed to be a
major sector in many economies of the world. It is a major source of foreign
exchange to a number of developing countries. It has also become a major source
of economic diversification for many countries such as Kuwait, Abu Dhabi, Dubai
and United Arab Emirates (Ayeni & Ebohon, 2012; Dwyer& Spurr, 2011;
Herb, 2019)...
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The policies of
Tourism in Nigeria has not been reflected in the Tourism prospects of this
Nation, the reasons are very obvious and discreet. The person managing the affairs of Tourism in
Nigeria has nothing to do with Tourism and in real occasion is just an investor
or a walk in person through politics. The Nigeria Tourism Development
Cooperation [NTDC] is not living up to
expectation. The Policy making body also fall short of these challenges of not
reviving the tourism sector. Why would the National decision on Tourism
relenting?...
1.3 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
i.
Has the tourism sector generating the
income to the Nigeria Economy?
ii.
Why are the tourism sectors not
yielding the desired effects on the Economy?
iii.
With all the tourist attractions in
Nigeria, why are the effects not
reflecting on Nigeria Economy?
iv.
What
determines the tourism sector in Nigeria?
v.
What are the constraints that are
confronting...
1.4 OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
The
activities of Tourism is Nigeria has not being taking into consideration as
part of Economic development of the Nation as has been relegated to the
background. These sector has been poorly managed by non experts and those who
ventured into Tourism and activities by investment.
The objectives of the study are to:
1.
examine the effects of tourism on
Nigeria Economy.
2.
ascertain the possible measure to
improved the Tourism sector in Nigeria.
3.
Examine the economic prospect of ...
1.5 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
A hypothesis is a
proposed statement made on the premise of limited evidence, which serves as a
starting point for further investigation. In accordance with the objectives of
the study, the hypotheses are hereby stated as follows
1.
H01: Tourism has no significant effects
on the growth of Nigerian Economy.
2.
H02: Nigeria government
expenditure has no negative effects on
Nigeria Tourism in the Economy.
1.6 RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
The
analysis on study relied on the time series data for the Nigerian tourism
sector and macroeconomic data. Due to the linearity nature of the model
formulation, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation method would be employed in
obtaining the numerical estimates of the coefficients in the model using econometric
software such as (Eviews 10).
Two
simple regression models were used in the estimation. The first model seeks to
investigate the effect of tourism capacity utilisation on the Gross Domestic
Product (GDP), while the second model seeks to examine the impact of government
expenditure on the Tourism sector in Nigeria. The estimation
period is restricted to the period between 1980 and 2017...
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF
THE STUDY
It is no gainsaying
to assert that the Nigerian economy is in a state of mess. Despite the enormous
mineral, natural endownment and human resources available in the country,
Nigeria has been unable to mobilize these tourist attraction to meet the
improve the Economy of Nigeria. Natural endownment that ought to be an ‘asset’
to the nation in her quest for economic development, has rather turned to a
liability, because no strategic and sound measures has been put in place
to ultilise these potential of the nation. To this end, as a result of
salvaging the economy from the mirage of
neglect of the tourism sector has necessitated the need for this study....
1.8 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The
study examines Tourism and its effects on Nigeria Economy, for the period
spanning from 1980-2017. This time frame is picked in order to examine the
recent trend in tourism and its effects on Nigeria
Economy.
1.9 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Tourism: is
travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring, the
business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the
business of operating tours.
Effects: a
change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause.
Nigeria
Economy: The Nigerian economy is one of the largest in Africa. Since the late
1960s it has been based primarily on the petroleum industry. Sectors of
Nigerian economy are divided into 3 types: - Primary (agriculture, oil/gas,
mining, forestry); - Secondary (light and heavy industry); - Tertiary
(services).
1.10 LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
1. Financial
constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede
the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials,
literature or information and in the obtaining of data.
2. Time
constraint-
The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic
work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research
work.
1.11 ORGANISATION OF THE STUDY
This study is
sectionalized into five chapters.
Chapter one contains the general
introduction- background to the study on Tourism and its
effects on Nigeria Economy, statement of the problem, research questions, objectives of the study, research
hypothesis and other sub-topics.
Chapter two presents the review of
related literature based on conceptual issues, theoretical review and empirical
review
and other sub-topics that guides the study.
Chapter three deals with theoretical
framework and research methodology.
Chapter four presents the research
methodology and empirical analysis and the last chapter focuses on the summary,
policy recommendations, conclusion and suggestions for further studies.
CHAPTER
TWO
LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1 Conceptual Issues
2.2 Empirical Literature
2.3 Theoretical Literature
2.4 Tourism Development in Nigeria
2.5 Challenges of Nigerian Tourism
2.6 Contributions of Tourism to Nigerian Economy
CHAPTER
THREE
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0
Introduction
3.1
Theoretical framework
3.2
Research Methodology
I.
Sources of data
II. Method of data analysis
III. Model specification
CHAPTER
FOUR
DATA
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
4.1
Data presentation
4.2
Data analysis
4.3
Hypothesis testing
4.4 Interpretation
of results
CHAPTER
FIVE
SUMMARY,
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
5.1
Summary of Findings
5.2
Conclusions
5.3
Recommendation
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